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Panthera leo spelaea
''Panthera leo spelaea'' or ''P. spelaea'', commonly known as the European or Eurasian cave lion, is an extinct subspecies of lion. It is known from fossils and many examples of prehistoric art.
==Classifications==
The cave lion is sometimes considered a species in its own right, under the name ''Panthera spelaea'',〔Christiansen, Per (December 2008): "Phylogeny of the great cats (Felidae: Pantherinae), and the influence of fossil taxa and missing characters" ''Cladistics'' 24.6:977-992(16)〕 and at least one authority, basing his conclusion on a comparison of skull shapes, considers the cave lion to be more closely related to the tiger, which would result in the formal name ''Panthera tigris spelaea''.〔Groiss, J. Th. (1996): "Der Höhlentiger '' Panthera tigris spelaea'' (Goldfuss)". ''Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie'' 7 : 399–414.〕 However, recent genetic research shows that among extant felids it was most closely related to the modern lion〔 and that it formed a single population with the Beringian cave lion,〔 which has been sometimes considered to represent a distinct form. Therefore, the cave lion ranged from Europe to Alaska over the Bering land bridge until the late Pleistocene. However, it is still not clear whether it should be considered a subspecies of the lion or rather a closely related species.
Analysis of skulls and mandibles of a lion that inhabited Yakutia (Russia), Alaska (USA), and the Yukon Territory (Canada) during the Pleistocene epoch suggested that it was a new subspecies different from the other prehistoric lions, ''Panthera leo vereshchagini'', known as the East Siberian- or Beringian cave lion. It differed from ''Panthera leo spelaea'' by its larger size and from the American lion (''Panthera leo atrox'') by its smaller size and by skull proportions.〔〔Baryshnikov, G.F., Boeskorov, G., 2001. The Pleistocene cave lion, ''Panthera spelaea'' (Carnivora, Felidae) from Yakutia, Russia. Cranium 18, 7–24.〕 However, recent genetic research, using ancient DNA from Beringian lions found no evidence for separating ''Panthera leo vereshchagini'' from the European cave lion; indeed, DNA signatures from lions from Europe and Alaska were indistinguishable, suggesting one large panmictic population.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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